Serotonin is a chemical in your brain and gut that affects your moods, emotions, and thoughts. Ovulation, the period when an egg is released from the ovaries, occurs on day 14 of the cycle. Menstruation, or bleeding, occurs on day 28 of the cycle. PMS symptoms can begin around day 14 and last until seven days after the start of menstruation. The symptoms of PMS are usually mild or moderate.
Nearly 80 percent of women report one or more symptom that does not substantially affect daily functioning, according to the journal American Family Physician.
Twenty to 32 percent of women report moderate to severe symptoms that affect some aspect of life. Three to 8 percent report PMDD. The severity of symptoms can vary by individual and by month.
The diagnosis is made when you have more than one recurrent symptom in the correct time frame that is severe enough to cause impairment and is absent between menses and ovulation. Your doctor must also rule out other causes, such as:. Your doctor may ask about any history of depression or mood disorders in your family to determine whether your symptoms are the result of PMS or another condition.
Your doctor may do a thyroid hormone test to ensure that your thyroid gland is working properly, a pregnancy test, and possibly a pelvic exam to check for any gynecological problems. Keeping a diary of your symptoms is another way to determine if you have PMS. Use a calendar to keep track of your symptoms and menstruation every month. If your symptoms start around the same time each month, PMS is a likely cause.
If you have a mild or moderate form of premenstrual syndrome, the treatment options include:. You can take pain medication, such as ibuprofen or aspirin, to alleviate muscle aches, headaches, and stomach cramping. You can also try a diuretic to stop bloating and water weight gain. Take medications and supplements only as directed by and after speaking with your doctor.
Severe PMS symptoms are rare. A small percentage of women who have severe symptoms have premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD. PMDD affects between 3 and 8 percent of women. Talk to your friends or write in a journal. Some women also find yoga, 18 massage, 19 or meditation 20 helpful.
What medicines can treat PMS symptoms? Over-the-counter and prescription medicines can help treat some PMS symptoms. These include: Ibuprofen Naproxen Aspirin Some women find that taking an over-the-counter pain reliever right before their period starts lessens the amount of pain and bleeding they have during their period. You may need to try several different types of birth control before you find one that helps your symptoms.
Anti-anxiety medicine may help reduce feelings of anxiousness. All medicines have risks. Talk to your doctor or nurse about the benefits and risks. Should I take vitamins or minerals to treat PMS symptoms? Studies have found benefits for: Calcium. Studies show that calcium can help reduce some PMS symptoms, such as fatigue, cravings, and depression.
Some foods, such as orange juice, cereal, and bread, have calcium added fortified. You can also take a calcium supplement. Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 may help with PMS symptoms, including moodiness, irritability, forgetfulness, bloating, and anxiety. Vitamin B6 can be found in foods such as fish, poultry, potatoes, fruit except for citrus fruits , and fortified cereals.
You can also take it as a dietary supplement. Studies have found mixed results for: Magnesium. If you get menstrual migraines , talk to your doctor about whether you need more magnesium.
You can also take a supplement. Polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 and omega Studies show that taking a supplement with 1 to 2 grams of polyunsaturated fatty acids may help reduce cramps and other PMS symptoms. What complementary or alternative medicines may help relieve PMS symptoms? Some herbal supplements women use to ease PMS symptoms include: Black cohosh. Black cohosh is most often used to help treat menopausal symptoms, 29 and some women use it to help relieve PMS symptoms.
Women taking hormonal birth control or hormone therapy for menopause symptoms should not take chasteberry.
Evening primrose oil. Some women report that the pill helps relieve PMS symptoms, but the research results are mixed. Did we answer your question about PMS? Sources Freeman, E. Dennerstein, L. Premenstrual symptoms—severity, duration and typology: an international cross-sectional study. Menopause International ; — Winer, S. Premenstrual disorders: prevalence, etiology and impact. Journal of Reproductive Medicine ; 51 4 Suppl Global study of women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms and their effects on daily life.
Menopause International; 88— Steiner, M. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: guidelines for management. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience; 25 5 : — Potter, J.
Gollenberg, A. Endicott, J. Is premenstrual dysphoric disorder a distinct clinical entity? Richards, M. Premenstrual symptoms and perimenopausal depression. American Journal of Psychiatry; 1 : Bloch, M. Effects of gonadal steroids in women with a history of postpartum depression. American Journal of Psychiatry; 6 : Pinkerton, J.
Menstrual cycle-related exacerbation of disease. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology; 3 : American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Premenstrual Syndrome PMS. Dickerson, L. Premenstrual Syndrome. PMS usually goes away 2 to 3 days after the period begins.
If your PMS is severe, your doctor can help with treatments, including medicine. Call the doctor if you:. Period cramps are pain in the lower belly during a girl's period. Many girls have cramps during the first few days of their periods. Period cramps are caused by prostaglandin, a chemical in the body that makes the muscle in the uterus contract. Irregular periods are when a girl or woman does not get a period about every 4—5 weeks. In the first 2 years after a girl starts getting her period, it is normal for the cycles to be irregular.
But by about 2 years after periods start, they should be on a regular cycle. Track your periods so you know if they are regular. Record when your period comes, how long it lasts, and any problems you have during it.
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