The country has many sandy beaches and lagoons. The Secretariat has helped Sri Lanka learn about tackling violent and extremist views and building strong communities. It also helped the Open University of Sri Lanka gain professional recognition for its youth work programmes. The Secretariat has worked with Sri Lanka to measure the contribution of sport and physical education to sustainable development.
Sri Lanka champions the Action Group on mangrove ecosystems and livelihoods. Highways: total: , km; paved: 16, km; unpaved: 97, km Waterways: km; navigable by shallow-draft craft Ports and harbors: Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee. Airports: 19 Major sources and definitions. Most of the land is flat and rolling; mountains in the south-central region rise to over 8, ft 2, m.
Indo-Aryan emigration from India in the 5th century B. Tamils, the second-largest ethnic group on the island, were originally from the Tamil region of India and emigrated between the 3rd century B. Until colonial powers controlled Ceylon the country's name until , Sinhalese and Tamil rulers fought for dominance over the island.
The Tamils, primarily Hindus, claimed the northern section of the island and the Sinhalese, who are predominantly Buddhist, controlled the south. The British took over in , and Ceylon became an English Crown colony in The British developed coffee, tea, and rubber plantations. On Feb. Bandaranaike became prime minister in and championed Sinhalese nationalism, making Sinhala the country's only official language and including state support of Buddhism, further marginalizing the Tamil minority.
He was assassinated in by a Buddhist monk. His widow, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, became the world's first female prime minister in The name Ceylon was changed to Sri Lanka? The Tamil minority's mounting resentment toward the Sinhalese majority's monopoly on political and economic power, exacerbated by cultural and religious differences, erupted in bloody violence in Tamil rebel groups, the strongest of which were the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, or Tamil Tigers, began a civil war to fight for separate nation.
President Ranasinghe Premadasa was assassinated at a May Day political rally in , when a Tamil rebel detonated explosives strapped to himself. Tamil extremists have frequently resorted to terrorist attacks against civilians.
The next president, Chandrika Kumaratunga, vowed to restore peace to the country. In Dec. By early , 18 years of war had claimed the lives of more than 64,, mostly civilians.
After Dec. Wickremesinghe's victory precipitated a formal cease-fire with the Tamil rebels, signed in Feb. In September talks, the government lifted its ban on the group, and the Tigers dropped their demand for an independent Tamil state.
Another significant breakthrough came in December when the Tigers and the government struck a power-sharing deal that would give the rebels regional autonomy. But negotiations in achieved little. Intense political rivalry threatened the peace process. How Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism complement one another. Read on to learn about the "fourth teaching. Math, Science, and Technology in India. A tour de force essay written by Dr. Roddham Narasimha.
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Sri Lanka's media divide along language and ethnic lines. Many of the major press and broadcasting outlets are state-owned. Some key dates in Sri Lanka's history:. Government of Sri Lanka. Image source, Getty Images. Read full media profile.
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