Previous approaches to the treatment of addiction behaviours tended to view continued substance use as evidence of inherent personality defects, such as denial. This approach utilises the principles and practices of personcentred counselling to encourage the young person to move through the stages of change and to make personal choices along the way. A young person's resistance is viewed as evidence of conflict or ambivalence and is met with reflection rather than a confrontational style Rollnick and Miller, In this topic we will be discussing some of the fundamental aspects of motivational interviewing and some techniques that may be helpful for you in your work with young people.
It is not, however, a comprehensive course in motivational interviewing as this requires far more information and skills which are beyond the scope of this module. What is motivational interviewing?
Workplace learning activity Please read the article 'What is motivational Interviewing? How do these ideas compare with your current work with young people? Question - How might motivational interviewing be used in your work with young people?
Top of page Key principles of motivational interviewing The following are the key principles of motivational interviewing. People have within themselves resources and skills needed for change.
Evocative questions guide the client to reflect on how change may be meaningful or possible. Reflections are based on careful listening and trying to understand what the person is saying, by repeating, rephrasing or offering a deeper guess about what the person is trying to communicate. This is a foundational skill of MI and how we express empathy. Summarizing ensures shared understanding and reinforces key points made by the client.
Attending to the language of change identifies what is being said against change sustain talk and in favor of change change talk and, where appropriate, encouraging a movement away from sustain talk toward change talk. Exchange of information respects that both the clinician and client have expertise. Sharing information is considered a two way street and needs to be responsive to what the client is saying. MI has four fundamental processes.
Focusing : In this process an agenda is negotiated that draws on both the client and practitioner expertise to agree on a shared purpose, which gives the clinician permission to move into a directional conversation about change.
Ambivalence is normalized, explored without judgement and, as a result, may be resolved. This process is optional and may not be required, but if it is the timing and readiness of the client for planning is important. There are a number of benefits of learning MI amongst other approaches to helping conversations: MI has been applied across a broad range of settings e.
MI compares well to other evidence-based approaches in formal research studies. They can also be used to enhance your ability to listen with skill in any situation, and to help people, young and old, to adapt and to develop their potential. MI is not a technique done to or on people, or even worse, a method for getting people to do what they otherwise would not wish to do. It is used with them, on their behalf. Learning MI is a challenging and enjoyable journey, and it changes you.
Among the skills you develop is an ability to de-clutter your mind and be curious about the person you are speaking to. Listening in this way can become an art form, in which you notice the language of change people use, and encourage them to face uncertainty, and to make decisions and plans that express their values and dreams for a more balanced life. This is a culturally adaptable approach and can be used in very brief conversations.
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